C LANGUAGE

🌟 C Language Tutorial for Beginners

Welcome! In this tutorial, we’ll learn the basics of C programming step by step with examples and outputs.

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1. Introduction to C

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs. It is widely used for system software, operating systems, and embedded programming.

✨ Features of C

• Simple and powerful
• Portable (can run on different machines)
• Structured programming language
• Fast execution (close to machine language)
• Base for modern languages like C++, Java, and Python

📌 Structure of a C Program

A C program generally follows this structure:

#include <stdio.h> // Preprocessor directive
int main() { // Main function
// Statements
return 0; // Exit status
}

🔹 Example: Hello World Program

This is the first program for beginners.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
}

Output:
Hello, World!

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2. Basics of C

📌 Tokens in C

Tokens are the smallest elements in a program. Example: keywords, identifiers, constants, operators.

📌 Data Types in C

• int → Stores integers (10, 200, -5)
• float → Stores decimal numbers (3.14, -2.5)
• char → Stores single characters ('a', 'Z')
• double → Stores large decimal values

🔹 Syntax for Variable Declaration

data_type variable_name = value;

🔹 Example: Variable Declaration

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int age = 18; // integer
float pi = 3.14; // float
char grade = 'A'; // character

printf("Age = %d\\n", age);
printf("Pi = %f\\n", pi);
printf("Grade = %c\\n", grade);
return 0;
}

Output:
Age = 18
Pi = 3.140000
Grade = A

📌 Input and Output in C

- printf(): Used for output (printing).
- scanf(): Used for input (taking values from user).

🔹 Example: Taking Input

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
printf("You entered: %d", number);
return 0;
}

Example Run:
Enter a number: 25
You entered: 25